Current Issue : July-September Volume : 2026 Issue Number : 3 Articles : 5 Articles
Introduction: Endodontic infection in primary teeth is a multimicrobial disease involving a rich combination of bacterial species. The secondary metabolites from the medicinal plant Phyllanthus niruri L. have antimicrobial properties. This in vitro research evaluated the antimicrobial activity of P. niruri and its mode of action against Enterococcus faecalis, Porphyromonas gingivalis, and Treponema denticola. Methodology: The antimicrobial activities of an ethanolic extract of P. niruri and a triple antibiotic paste (TAP) as a positive control were evaluated using the disc diffusion method, and their minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bacterial concentration were determined. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) were used to observe the cellular damage induced by the extract. A one-way ANOVA followed by Tukey’s post hoc test was used to compare the mean zone of inhibition for all three microbes. The level of significance was set at P < 0.05. Results: The herbal extract of P. niruri had the highest inhibitory effects against T. denticola (16.06 ± 3.13), followed by P. gingivalis (14.54 ± 2.28 mm), and E. faecalis (10.10 ± 0.71 mm). However, it was less than the TAP ( p < 0.001). P. niruri exhibited bacteriostatic potential with its MIC against all microbes. Furthermore, SEM and TEM found severe membrane deformation and extensive cytoplasmic leakage in T. denticola and P. gingivalis compared to E. faecalis. Conclusion: Based on the study results, a 250 mg/mL concentration of P. niruri could be beneficial as a potential medicament for reducing root canal pathogens....
Brazil is home to one of the greatest biodiversities on the planet, with numerous plant species with unexplored pharmacological potential. In this study, the antifungal activity and cytotoxicity of crude extracts obtained from the seeds of Sterculia foetida L., Bulbostylis capillaris (L.) Kunth ex CB Clarke, and Pouteria caimito (Ruiz & Pav.) Radlk were investigated. The previously dehydrated seeds were subjected to extraction with physiological saline (saline extract), hexane (hexane extract) and sequential extraction with hexane followed by saline (hexane-saline extract). To determine antifungal activity via disk diffusion assays, broth microdilution based on the CLSI and evaluation of cellular specificity (EC50) by redox metabolism with resazurin were performed on C. albicans ATCC 14053, C. albicans ATCC 24433 and non-albicans species Candida krusei ATCC 6258 and C. glabrata ATCC 22019. Cytotoxicity was evaluated in mouse bone marrow cells by determining the cytotoxic concentration (CC50/24 h). The selectivity index (SI) was calculated as the ratio between CC50 and EC50. Statistical analysis of the data was performed via ANOVA, with the significance level set at p < 0.05. Saline, hexane, and hexane—saline extracts of S. foetida, as well as the saline extract of B. capillaris, showed selectivity indices higher than those of ketoconazole against C. albicans and C. krusei. With respect to C. glabrata, only the saline extract of B. capillaris demonstrated greater selectivity than the reference drug. All P. caimito extracts presented lower EC50/24 h values than did ketoconazole but presented a low selectivity index, suggesting high cellular toxicity. The results obtained demonstrate that the crude extracts of S. foetida and B. capillaris seeds have significant antifungal activity and represent promising sources of bioactive compounds. Future studies should focus on the purification, isolation, and characterization of the active principles responsible for the observed activity....
Recovery of nutritional and bioactive molecules by pomegranate peel (PP) has found wide applications in food and pharmaceutical industries. We investigated protective effects of a PP extract (PPE) from Mediterranean (Mazara del Vallo, Italy) on intestinal inflammation by using in vitro and ex vivo models. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) levels, as well as tight junction protein-1 (ZO-1) expression, were determined in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-injured Caco-2 cells treated with PPE.We evaluated anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects of PPE in isolated colon specimens of adult male mouse (C57/BL6) stimulated by LPS. Cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), nuclear factor-kB (NF-kB), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-1β (IL-1β), as well as catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GPX), and inducible nitric oxide synthase (i-NOS) gene expression was determined. We also characterized phytochemical composition of the extract through chromatographic (HPLC-UV) and spectrophotometric techniques. PPE was rich in punicalagins A and B, along with other polyphenols such as hydroxytyrosol (HT), catechin, p-coumaric acid, and rosmarinic acid. In Caco-2 cells, PPE reduced ROS generation and LDH release, restoring intestinal barrier integrity by upregulating ZO-1 expression. In addition, PPE increased SOD, CAT, and GPX and suppressed COX-2, NF-kB, TNF-α, IL-1β and i-NOS LPS-induced gene expression in colon. PPE mitigates inflammation and oxidative stress, restoring intestinal barrier function. The beneficial effects induced by the extract could be related to the pattern of polyphenolic composition, with particular regard to HT, rosmarinic acid, p-coumaric acid, catechin, as well as punicalagins A and B....
In recent years, the emergence of drug-resistant pathogens and the limitations of current therapies have highlighted the need for innovative strategies to combat emerging viral infections. Natural compounds, derived from plants, are playing an increasingly significant role in the research of novel and effective therapies. Boswellia sacra, a frankincense-producing tree widely distributed in Yemen and Oman, and Nerium oleander, a common ornamental and medicinal plant, are examples of plants with well-documented antimicrobial properties. Their extracts have demonstrated good activity against a wide range of infections, which is attributed to the anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory compounds they contain. Based on these findings, we assessed, in vitro, the broad-spectrum antiviral activity of combined extracts obtained from Boswellia sacra and Nerium oleander. The extract mixture NOBS7(1) was found to be active against the respiratory virus RSV, Herpesvirus simplex type 1, and Coxsackievirus 5. Furthermore, a combination of cell-based assays was performed to provide additional insights into their potential mechanism of action....
Parkia speciosa (P. speciosa), a plant utilized in traditional medicine, has shown promise in various therapeutic applications and contains multiple bioactive components (saponins, alkaloids, flavonoids, polyphenols, and terpenoids). These bioactive compounds have attracted increasing scientific interest due to their ability to modulate key cancer-associated pathways, including the inhibition of cell proliferation and migration and the suppression of oxidative stress and inflammation mechanisms. However, despite P. speciosa’s historically long and wide-ranging usage, a comprehensive investigation of these properties has not been conducted for its pod. This study investigated the effects of P. speciosa empty pod extract (PSET) on human colorectal cancer cells. The extract demonstrated significant dose-dependent inhibition of colorectal cell migration, invasion, and colony formation while exhibiting no cytotoxicity toward normal colon epithelial cells. Western blot analysis confirmed reduced expression of Matrix metalloproteinases 2 (MMP2), Matrix metalloproteinases 9 (MMP9), and N-cadherin, indicating suppression of the epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT). These findings demonstrate that the PSET effectively inhibits metastasis in colorectal cancer cells through the EMT pathway, suggesting its potential as a dietary supplement or therapeutic agent for colorectal cancer treatment. Our research provides support for the development of natural, less toxic alternative cancer treatments. Therefore, PSET shows potential for development as a dietary supplement or therapeutic agent for the treatment of colon cancer....
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