The increasing penetration of inverter-based renewable energy sources has significantly reduced system inertia, leading to faster frequency deviations in low-inertia power systems. This paper proposes an asynchronous distributed model predictive control (AD-MPC) strategy to coordinate flywheel energy storage systems (FESSs) and battery energy storage systems (BESSs) for enhanced frequency stability in low-inertia power grids. A modified IEEE 39-bus system integrating a 3 MW wind energy conversion system (WECS), a 2 MW PV solar unit, and an electric vehicle (EV) load emulator unit was simulated to evaluate the system performance of the controller under a 30% increase in load disturbance. The results show that the coordinated FESS–BESS operation using the proposed AD-MPC controller achieves faster frequency recovery and reduces frequency deviation by 4% compared to single storage configurations. The proposed approach demonstrates that the high-speed FESS can provide a rapid inertial response, while the BESS delivers primary frequency support, offering a promising solution for maintaining dynamic stability in future renewable-dominated power systems.
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