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ELECTROCHEMICAL DEGRADATION OF C.I. VAT ORANGE 2 DYE ON CARBON ELECTRODE
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Prakash Kariyajjanavar, J Narayana, Y Arthoba Nayaka
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The electrochemical degradation of industrial wastewater has become an attractive method in recent years. In this work simulated dye wastewater containing vat dye C.I. Vat Orange 2 is degraded from electrochemical method using graphite carbon electrodes. The experimental results indicated that initial pH, current density and supporting electrolytes were played an important role in the degradation of dye. Electrochemical behavior of dye has been studied with cyclic voltammetry in basic medium using glassy carbon as working electrode. The potentials selected for the dye was in the range –0.4 to –1.2 V. The UV-Vis and chemical oxygen demand (COD) studies were selected to evaluate the degradation efficiency. The maximum colour removal efficiency of 99.24% and chemical oxygen demand (COD) removal of 72.26% could be achieved for dye, at 25 g L-1 of NaCl concentration. The LC-MS and FTIR studies revealed the degradation of dye and confirmed that aromatic rings were destroyed. The results revealed the suitability of the present process for the effective degradation of dye C.I. Vat Orange 2...
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STUDY THE SEASONAL VARIATIONS IN PHYSICO-CHEMICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF HALALI RESERVOIR
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S Ahirwar, D Singh, S Saxena, V Vyas
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Various physico-chemical characteristics of the halali reservoir located near Bhopal were studied in the three season summer, rainy and winter of 2010-2011. Ecological parameters like dissolved oxygen (DO), pH, nitrate, phosphate and other physico-chemical parameter were analyzed and compared with the water quality standard of Bureau of Indian Standard (BIS) and Central and the State Pollution Control Board (PCB) limits to assess the best designated use. Attempts were made to study and analyze the physico-chemical characteristics of the water. All physic- chemical parameters give a picture of quality parameter in pond water of the Halali. By observing the result it can be concluded that the parameters which were taken for study the water quality are below the pollution level for ground water which satisfy the requirement for the use of various purposes like domestic, agricultural, industrial, aquaculture etc....
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RAINWATER HARVESTING ASSESSMENT FOR A SMALL SIZE URBAN AREA IN JORDAN
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Awawdeh M, Al-Shraideh S, Al-Qudah K, Jaradat R
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Jordan is currently one of the world’s four poorest nations in water resources. Rainfall harvesting from
rooftops, roads, and parking lots can increase the water supply for various uses and help combat the
chronic water shortage in Jordan. This work aimed at evaluating the potential for potable and nonpotable
water savings by using rainwater at Yarmouk University and to provide recommendations for
increasing water efficiency use to minimize water waste and reduce the water bill. Results showed that
a maximum of 99,000 m3/y of rainwater can be collected, 37,000 m3/y of it from roofs of buildings and
62,000 m3/y from open impervious areas, provided that all surfaces are used and all runoff from the
surfaces are collected. The estimated potential for potable water savings is 125 to 145% of the total
domestic water supply. Chemical and biological analysis of harvested water indicated the requirement
of water treatment for nitrate and pathogenic organisms. The study recommends the adoption of
several measures toward decreasing water consumption and eventually the water bill....
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MESSINIAN SALINITY CRISIS IMPACT ON THE GROUNDWATER QUALITY IN KERT AQUIFER NE MOROCCO: HYDROCHEMICAL AND STATISTICAL APPROACHES
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Elgettafi Mohammed, Elmandour Abdennabi, Himi Mahjoub, Casas Albert, Elhaouadi Boubker
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Groundwater’s studies at middle Kert aquifer in northeast of Morocco are very important due to the
semi-arid character and its geological history. The region is recognized by messinian salinity crisis
already 5.6 Ma. Water chemistry is mainly dominated by dissolution of evaporate rocks (Halite and
Gypsum) related to outcropping and basement limits developed in Messinian age. Freshwater with total
dissolved solids 740 mg/l (average value) in Tafersite district is chemically distinct from saline water
with total dissolved solids of 9803 mg/l in the south zone. In wadis, water is S04-Cl-Ca type; they are
influenced by the surrounding highlands located at the south of the plain. The investigation reveals that
weathering of evaporated rocks is the processes responsible for high Na+, Ca2+, Mg2+, Cl- and SO4
2-
concentrations. Also, hydro chemical data displays that freshwater observed in the northwest part
reflect the influence of freshwaters coming from metamorphic massive of Temsamane. The factorial
analysis reveal three sources of salinization, the principal one is described above, whilst the
dissolution of carbonates and human influence represented by NO3
-, played only a secondary role....
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SUSTAINABLE WATER SUPPLY FROM BOREHOLES IN NEIGHBORHOOD COMMUNITIES BESIEGED BY OFF-CAMPUS STUDENTS
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Nwachukwu M A, Ohuawunwa C, Nwachukwu I, Nnorom U
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Problems of water supply in four neighborhood communities housing Federal University of Technology
Owerri (FUTO) and Federal Polytechnic Nekede (POLYNEK) off-campus students have been
investigated. The four communities are Ihiagwa, Eziobodo, Nekede and Obinze all in Owerri west county
of Imo state, Nigeria. The communities and the larger population of off-campus students are in dare
need of portable and sustainable water supply. The present system of water supply through
substandard shallow wells of all manners and direct from the Otamiri River is unsustainable and of
serious health consequences. Geological and geophysical assessments confirmed that the area has
near surface aquifer with average depth of 50 m (164 ft). Standard water well in the area is to have
economic cased depth of 91 m (300 ft), adapted to pump capacity not greater than 7.5 HP. The water
table (WT) aquifer is vulnerable to contamination due to indiscriminate waste dumping, accelerated
groundwater flow, and contaminants transport in the area. Standard water wells are recommended for
these communities, and to be sustained by government-private partnership idea. This will prevail
against water borne diseases and poverty....
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